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HLT 540 Entire Course-GC
HLT540
HLT 540 Grand Canyon Week 1 Discussion 1
Why do you think many healthcare practitioners are often unwilling
to change practice patterns, based on research findings? Some practitioners
criticize evidence-based practice as “cookbook care.” Considering these
perceptions, how would you utilize your education and experiences in planning
the implementation of a major change?
HLT 540 Grand Canyon Week 1 Discussion 2
Consider the question: “Why do physicians and nurses kill more
people than airline pilots?” Apply your critical thinking skills to this
argument and critique the statement. First, do you think it’s true? If it is,
what do you think about their rationale? How would you address it if the
question were posed to you in a forum?
HLT 540 Grand Canyon Week 2 Discussion 1
What kinds of extraneous variables (not cited in the studies) do
you think could have affected the relationships between the independent
variables and the dependent variables in both the Messina et al. and Coyne et
al. studies?
HLT 540 Grand Canyon Week 2 Discussion 2
How effectively do you think the Coyne et al. study and the
Messina et al. study both used their review of literature to help the reader
understand why the research question was asked? How could they have done it
more effectively?
HLT 540 Grand Canyon Week 3 Discussion 1
Given that there is a documented advantage to the use of an
experimental and control group design, discuss why other designs are frequently
used, and the situations that may prompt the use of one.
HLT 540 Grand Canyon Week 3 Discussion 2
Discuss your understanding of the concept of internal validity in
a research study, and the impacts of several errors or biases that can reduce
the study’s validity.
HLT 540 Grand Canyon Week 4 Discussion 1
Why do you think so many people have problems with using,
interpreting, or applying statistics in making business decisions?
HLT 540 Grand Canyon Week 4 Discussion 2
As you have learned to evaluate different research studies, what
elements seem the most important to you for evaluation of the research’s
quality? Why?
HLT 540 Grand Canyon Week 5 Discussion 1
Discuss the concept of the normal distribution, why it is
important, and what you think it means.
HLT 540 Grand Canyon Week 5 Discussion 2
When students talk about “grading on the curve,” how does that
apply to the normal distribution?
HLT 540 Grand Canyon Week 6 Discussion 1
Discuss the differences between the concepts of correlation and
causality, and why it is critically important to make sure that the differences
are understood?
HLT 540 Grand Canyon Week 6 Discussion 2
What are the indicators for using a t-test? Create a research
scenario in which it would be correct to use a t-test, including the research
question, sample size, and dependent and independent variables.
HLT 540 Grand Canyon Week 7 Discussion 1
What are the indicators for using an ANOVA? Create a research
scenario in which it would be correct to use an ANOVA, including the research
question, sample size, and dependent and independent variables.
HLT 540 Grand Canyon Week 7 Discussion 2
What are the indicators for using a regression analysis? Create a
research scenario in which it would be correct to use a regression analysis,
including the research question, sample size, and dependent and independent
variables?
HLT 540 Grand Canyon Week 8 Discussion 1
Re-visit the roadmap that you began at the start of your program
of study. Complete information regarding this course. In the discussion,
reflect on how this course meets your career goals. What have you gleaned from
the course that will help you in your career path? Respond to at least two
other classmates.
HLT 540 Grand Canyon Week 8 Discussion 2
Discuss your thoughts about the ethics of using informed consent
vs. blinding the subjects to the expected outcomes of the intervention. Should
they be told? How much should they be told? How would the placebo effect be
impacted if subjects are told which intervention is being applied to them?
HLT 540 Grand Canyon Week 2 Assignment
Evidence-Based Research Interview
Details:
Identify, analyze, and discuss the components that comprise a
valid evidence-based research study.
Based on the information compiled above, interview a health care
leader about his/her experiences related to using evidence-based research to
drive changes in practices in his/her facility.
Write a report (1,000-1,250 words) of your findings. Include the
following in your report:
1) The changes that the health care leader has been involved in
implementing.
2) How strong did the leader feel the research on the topic was?
Why?
3) Have they ever rejected research findings? Why or why not?
4) Include any concerns they have had or resistance they have
experienced when implementing changes based on research.
5) Analyze your findings as they apply to the components of
evidence-based research.
Prepare this assignment according to the APA guidelines found in
the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not
required.
This assignment uses a grading rubric. Instructors will be using
the rubric to grade the assignment; therefore, students should review the
rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the assignment
criteria and expectations for successful completion of the assignment.
HLT 540 Grand Canyon Week 3 Assignment 1
Coyne and Messina Articles, Part 1 Analysis
Details:
1) In a paper (1,000-1,250 words), compare and contrast the major
elements of the reports by Coyne et al. and Messina et al., listed in the
Module 2 Readings.
2) Complete the “Coyne and Messina Articles Analysis.” Study the
information in the right-side column related to the Coyne, et al. study, which
identifies the required elements as found in the reading. Complete the
information for the Messina et al. article by identifying the required elements
from the article.
3) Prepare this assignment according to the APA guidelines found
in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is
not required.
4) This assignment uses a grading rubric. Instructors will be
using the rubric to grade the assignment; therefore, students should review the
rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the assignment
criteria and expectations for successful completion of the assignment.
Coyne and Messina Articles Analysis
As an example guideline, review the study components in the
left-side column of the table below. Read the study by Messina et al., and
build the data in the right-side column with the key components in that study.
Research Question:
Coyne: Do size and ownership type make a difference in the
efficiency and cost results of hospitals in Washington state? (Highlight p.164,
second column, starting 15 lines from bottom to seven lines from bottom.)
Messina:
How did the research question emerge from the review of literature
in the article?
Coyne:
Built on an earlier study by Coyne on performance differences
between multi-facility systems and independent hospitals using two cost
measures. Cited studies that used a range of variables to measure differences
in hospital performance, and noted that prior findings have been inconclusive
in regard to hospital size, although economies of scale were found.
Messina:
Independent Variables
Type:
Coyne:
Hospital size and hospital ownership structure.
Categorical
Messina:
Dependent Variables
Type:
Coyne:
Efficiency measures – continuous variables.
Cost measures – continuous variables.
Messina:
Design Elements
1. Quantitative vs. Qualitative
2. Sample Size
3. Method of sample selection
4. Experimental vs. control group?
5. Reliable and valid data instruments?
Coyne:
Quantitative 96
Picked all hospitals in state, except investor owned hospitals.
No
Used data that are commonly used to measure hospital efficiency
and performance with high degrees of accuracy (reliable), and data that are
historically used and make sense to other hospital users (valid).
Messina:
Describe analysis.
What statistics were used?
Coyne:
Two-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)
Messina:
Did the researchers’ conclusions make sense, did they answer the
research question, and did they appear to flow from the review of the
literature?
Did they explore control of extraneous variables?
Coyne:
They concluded that size and ownership type make a difference in
reported levels of efficiency. Not for profits seem to achieve higher
performance levels, and medium and large not for profits operate more
efficiently than industry average. The same results were found for cost levels,
in that size and ownership type do make a difference, with medium sized
hospitals reporting lower costs than large or small hospitals.
Yes, when they called for national studies that controlled for
case mix, scope of services, and payer mix, all of which could have affected
the results in this study in an unmeasured way.
HLT 540 Grand Canyon Week 3 Assignment 2
Assessing a Research Study
Details:
1) Choose a research study article of interest to you.
2) Refer to the study you choose and complete “Assessing a
Research Study.”
3) Identify an article that directly references your chosen study
and compare it to your findings. Does this article refute or confirm the
study’s findings?
4) Write a paper (750-1,000 words) that analyzes and summarizes
your findings.
5) Prepare this assignment according to the APA guidelines found
in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is
not required.
6) This assignment uses a grading rubric. Instructors will be
using the rubric to grade the assignment; therefore, students should review the
rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the assignment
criteria and expectations for successful completion of the assignment.
Assessing a Research Study
Review the study components in the left-side column of the form
below. Refer to the study you chose, and complete the data in the right-side
column with the key components in that study.
Research Question:
How did the research question emerge from the review of literature
in the article?
Independent Variables
Type:
Dependent Variables
Type:
Identify and Define the Study Design Elements:
1. Quantitative vs. Qualitative:
2. Sample Size
3. Method of sample selection: Explanation.
4. Identify and define the experimental and control groups?
5. Reliable and valid data instruments? Explain.
Describe analysis.
What statistics were used?
Did the researchers’ conclusions make sense, did they answer the
research question, and did they appear to flow from the review of the
literature?
Did they explore control of extraneous variables?
HLT 540 Grand Canyon Week 4 Assignment
Coyne and Messina Articles Part 2 Statistical Assessment
Details:
1) Write a paper of 1,000-1,250 words regarding the statistical
significance of outcomes as presented in Messina’s, et al. article “The
Relationship between Patient Satisfaction and Inpatient Admissions Across
Teaching and Nonteaching Hospitals.”
2) Assess the appropriateness of the statistics used by referring
to the chart presented in the Module 4 lecture and the resource “Statistical
Assessment.”
3) Discuss the value of statistical significance vs. pragmatic
usefulness.
4) Prepare this assignment according to the APA guidelines found
in the APA Style Guide located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is
not required.
5) This assignment uses a grading rubric. Instructors will be
using the rubric to grade the assignment; therefore, students should review the
rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the assignment
criteria and expectations for successful completion of the assignment
HLT 540 Grand Canyon Week 5 Assignment 1
Broyles Textbook Practice Exercise
Details:
Complete “Practice Exercise 1” (page 157) and “Practice Exercise
11” (page 180) in the textbook. For the data set listed, use Excel to extract
the mean and standard deviation for the sample of lengths of stay for cardiac
patients. Use the following Excel steps:
1) Enter the data set into Excel.
2) Click on the Data tab at the top.
3) Highlight your data set with your mouse.
4) Click on the Data Analysis tab at the top right.
5) Click on Descriptive Statistics in the analysis tool list.
6) Find the mean and standard deviation of the data sets.
7) Send the results to instructor via e-mail, along with your
analysis of the description of the data set.
APA format is not required, but solid academic writing is expected.
HLT 540 Grand Canyon Week 5 Assignment 2
Coyne and Messina Articles Part 3 Spearman Coefficient Review
Details:
1) Write a paper (750-1,000 words) regarding the use of the
Spearman rank correlation coefficient by Messina, et al. in “The Relationship
between Patient Satisfaction and Inpatient Admissions Across Teaching and
Nonteaching Hospitals,” listed in the module readings.
2) Comment on what variables were used; whether it answered the
research question; and whether the Spearman rank correlation coefficient is
appropriately used, given the requirements of the Spearman rank correlation
coefficient.
3) Prepare this assignment according to the APA guidelines found
in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is
not required.
HLT 540 Grand Canyon Week 6 Assignment 1
Yeung Analysis
Details:
1) Refer to “The Use of Electro-Acupuncture in Conjunction with
Exercise for the Treatment of Chronic Low-Back Pain” by Yeung, Leung, and Chow.
2) Complete “Yeung Analysis Worksheet.”
3) Examine the question the researchers were trying to answer and
write an essay (500-750 words) that explains why you feel the t-test was
chosen. Choose one of the other tools studied so far in this course and explain
why it would not provide relevant findings.
4) Prepare this assignment according to the APA guidelines found
in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is
not required.
5) This assignment uses a grading rubric. Instructors will be
using the rubric to grade the assignment; therefore, students should review the
rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the assignment
criteria and expectations for successful completion of the assignment.
Yeung Analysis Worksheet
What was the research question?
What were the independent variables?
What was the dependent variable?
What was the sample size and how was it chosen?
What was the experimental design and use of control group?
Were the instruments of measurement shown to be reliable and
valid?
What data types were included?
Describe the statistics used, what they were used for, and the
results.
What were the researchers’ conclusions? How did they answer the
research question(s)?
How was error controlled?
Did you see any concerns with the research study? If so, what?
HLT 540 Grand Canyon Week 6 Assignment 2
Correlation between Two Variables
Details:
Use Excel to do a correlation between the following variables:
1) X – 2,5,5,6,6,7,8,9
2) Y – 1,2,2,3,4,4,5,5
This assignment uses a grading rubric. Instructors will be using
the rubric to grade the assignment; therefore, students should review the
rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the assignment
criteria and expectations for successful completion of the assignment.
HLT 540 Grand Canyon Week 6 Assignment 3
T-Test for Two Sample
Details:
A drug company is measuring levels of oxygenation in patients
after receiving a test medication. As the researcher, you are interested in
whether Group I, which received the medication, has the same oxygenation levels
as Group II, which did not.
1) Group 1: 2,3,3,4,4,7,8,9
2) Group 2: 1,2,2,3,4,4,5,5,6,8
Use Excel to run a t-test for two samples, assuming equal
variances, with an alpha value of 0.05. Run the t-test and note:
1) Are you doing a one-tailed test or a two-tailed test (Excel
will give you both)?
2) What is the probability that Group I is different from Group 2,
using the p value? Is it significant against the benchmark of p < .05? APA
format is not required, but solid academic writing is expected. This assignment
uses a grading rubric. Instructors will be using the rubric to grade the
assignment; therefore, students should review the rubric prior to beginning the
assignment to become familiar with the assignment criteria and expectations for
successful completion of the assignment. HLT 540 Grand Canyon Week 7 Assignment
1 Broyles Textbook Exercise 1 Details: 1) Use Excel to complete “Exercise 1” on
page 247 (Regression Analysis) in the textbook. 2) Answer the questions at the
end of the exercise. 3) APA format is not required, but solid academic writing
is expected. This assignment uses a grading rubric. Instructors will be using
the rubric to grade the assignment; therefore, students should review the
rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the assignment
criteria and expectations for successful completion of the assignment. HLT 540
Grand Canyon Week 7 Assignment 2 Broyles Textbook Exercise 7 Details: 1) Use
Excel to complete “Exercise 7” on page 208 (ANOVA) in the textbook. 2) Answer
the questions at the end of the exercise. 3) APA format is not required, but
solid academic writing is expected. This assignment uses a grading rubric.
Instructors will be using the rubric to grade the assignment; therefore,
students should review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become
familiar with the assignment criteria and expectations for successful
completion of the assignment. HLT 540 Grand Canyon Week 7 Assignment 3 Roddy
and Ganz Assessments Details: 1) Use “Roddy and Ganz Worksheets” to complete an
assessment of the research studies: “Evidence-Based Clinical Guidelines: A New
System to Better Determine True Strength of Recommendation” by Roddy et al.,
and “ICU Nurses’ Oral-Care Practices and the Current Best Evidence” by Ganz et
al. 2) In a paper (1,000-1,250 words), analyze and support whether you believe
that the changes recommended are statistically valid and sound enough to make
practice changes in a hospital. 3) Prepare this assignment according to the APA
guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.
An abstract is not required. 4) This assignment uses a grading rubric.
Instructors will be using the rubric to grade the assignment; therefore,
students should review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become
familiar with the assignment criteria and expectations for successful
completion of the assignment. Roddy Analysis Worksheet Using the worksheet
below, complete an assessment of the following article. Roddy, E., Zhang, W.,
Doherty, M., Arden, N. K., Barlow, J., Birrell, F., et al. (2006).
Evidence-based clinical guidelines: A new system to better determine true
strength of recommendation. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice, 12(3),
347-352. Retrieved from.gcu.edu:2048/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=20870724&site=ehost-live&scope=site">http://library.gcu.edu:2048/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=20870724&site=ehost-live&scope=site
What was the research question?
What were the independent variables?
What was the dependent variable?
What was the sample size and how was it chosen?
What was the experimental design and use of control group?
Were the instruments of measurement shown to be reliable and
valid?
What data types were included?
Describe the statistics used, what they were used for, and the
results.
What were the researchers’ conclusions? How did they answer the
research question(s)?
How was error controlled?
Did you see any concerns with the research study? If so, what?
Ganz Analysis Worksheet
Using the worksheet below, complete an assessment of the following
article.
Ganz, F., Fink, N., Raanan, O., Asher, M., Bruttin, M., Nun, M.,
et al. (2009). ICU nurses’ oral-care practices and the current best evidence.
Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 41(2), 132-138. Retrieved
from.gcu.edu:2048/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com.library.gcu.edu:2048/pqdweb?did=1780947491&sid=1&Fmt=3&clientId=48377&RQT=309&VName=PQD”>http://library.gcu.edu:2048/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com.library.gcu.edu:2048/pqdweb?did=1780947491&sid=1&Fmt=3&clientId=48377&RQT=309&VName=PQD
What was the research question?
What were the independent variables?
What was the dependent variable?
What was the sample size and how was it chosen?
What was the experimental design and use of control group?
Were the instruments of measurement shown to be reliable and
valid?
What data types were included?
Describe the statistics used, what they were used for, and the
results.
What were the researchers’ conclusions? How did they answer the
research question(s)?
How was error controlled?
Did you see any concerns with the research study? If so, what?
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