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HLT 540 Entire Course-GC
HLT540
HLT 540 Grand Canyon Week 1 Discussion 1
Why do you think many healthcare practitioners are often unwilling
to change practice patterns, based on research findings? Some practitioners
criticize evidence-based practice as “cookbook care.” Considering these
perceptions, how would you utilize your education and experiences in planning
the implementation of a major change?
HLT 540 Grand Canyon Week 1 Discussion 2
Consider the question: “Why do physicians and nurses kill more
people than airline pilots?” Apply your critical thinking skills to this
argument and critique the statement. First, do you think it’s true? If it is,
what do you think about their rationale? How would you address it if the
question were posed to you in a forum?
HLT 540 Grand Canyon Week 2 Discussion 1
What kinds of extraneous variables (not cited in the studies) do
you think could have affected the relationships between the independent
variables and the dependent variables in both the Messina et al. and Coyne et
al. studies?
HLT 540 Grand Canyon Week 2 Discussion 2
How effectively do you think the Coyne et al. study and the
Messina et al. study both used their review of literature to help the reader
understand why the research question was asked? How could they have done it
more effectively?
HLT 540 Grand Canyon Week 3 Discussion 1
Given that there is a documented advantage to the use of an
experimental and control group design, discuss why other designs are frequently
used, and the situations that may prompt the use of one.
HLT 540 Grand Canyon Week 3 Discussion 2
Discuss your understanding of the concept of internal validity in
a research study, and the impacts of several errors or biases that can reduce
the study’s validity.
HLT 540 Grand Canyon Week 4 Discussion 1
Why do you think so many people have problems with using,
interpreting, or applying statistics in making business decisions?
HLT 540 Grand Canyon Week 4 Discussion 2
As you have learned to evaluate different research studies, what
elements seem the most important to you for evaluation of the research’s
quality? Why?
HLT 540 Grand Canyon Week 5 Discussion 1
Discuss the concept of the normal distribution, why it is
important, and what you think it means.
HLT 540 Grand Canyon Week 5 Discussion 2
When students talk about “grading on the curve,” how does that
apply to the normal distribution?
HLT 540 Grand Canyon Week 6 Discussion 1
Discuss the differences between the concepts of correlation and
causality, and why it is critically important to make sure that the differences
are understood?
HLT 540 Grand Canyon Week 6 Discussion 2
What are the indicators for using a t-test? Create a research
scenario in which it would be correct to use a t-test, including the research
question, sample size, and dependent and independent variables.
HLT 540 Grand Canyon Week 7 Discussion 1
What are the indicators for using an ANOVA? Create a research
scenario in which it would be correct to use an ANOVA, including the research
question, sample size, and dependent and independent variables.
HLT 540 Grand Canyon Week 7 Discussion 2
What are the indicators for using a regression analysis? Create a
research scenario in which it would be correct to use a regression analysis,
including the research question, sample size, and dependent and independent
variables?
HLT 540 Grand Canyon Week 8 Discussion 1
Re-visit the roadmap that you began at the start of your program
of study. Complete information regarding this course. In the discussion,
reflect on how this course meets your career goals. What have you gleaned from
the course that will help you in your career path? Respond to at least two
other classmates.
HLT 540 Grand Canyon Week 8 Discussion 2
Discuss your thoughts about the ethics of using informed consent
vs. blinding the subjects to the expected outcomes of the intervention. Should
they be told? How much should they be told? How would the placebo effect be
impacted if subjects are told which intervention is being applied to them?
HLT 540 Grand Canyon Week 2 Assignment
Evidence-Based Research Interview
Details:
Identify, analyze, and discuss the components that comprise a
valid evidence-based research study.
Based on the information compiled above, interview a health care
leader about his/her experiences related to using evidence-based research to
drive changes in practices in his/her facility.
Write a report (1,000-1,250 words) of your findings. Include the
following in your report:
1) The changes that the health care leader has been involved in
implementing.
2) How strong did the leader feel the research on the topic was?
Why?
3) Have they ever rejected research findings? Why or why not?
4) Include any concerns they have had or resistance they have
experienced when implementing changes based on research.
5) Analyze your findings as they apply to the components of
evidence-based research.
Prepare this assignment according to the APA guidelines found in
the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not
required.
This assignment uses a grading rubric. Instructors will be using
the rubric to grade the assignment; therefore, students should review the
rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the assignment
criteria and expectations for successful completion of the assignment.
HLT 540 Grand Canyon Week 3 Assignment 1
Coyne and Messina Articles, Part 1 Analysis
Details:
1) In a paper (1,000-1,250 words), compare and contrast the major
elements of the reports by Coyne et al. and Messina et al., listed in the
Module 2 Readings.
2) Complete the “Coyne and Messina Articles Analysis.” Study the
information in the right-side column related to the Coyne, et al. study, which
identifies the required elements as found in the reading. Complete the
information for the Messina et al. article by identifying the required elements
from the article.
3) Prepare this assignment according to the APA guidelines found
in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is
not required.
4) This assignment uses a grading rubric. Instructors will be
using the rubric to grade the assignment; therefore, students should review the
rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the assignment
criteria and expectations for successful completion of the assignment.
Coyne and Messina Articles Analysis
As an example guideline, review the study components in the
left-side column of the table below. Read the study by Messina et al., and
build the data in the right-side column with the key components in that study.
Research Question:
Coyne: Do size and ownership type make a difference in the
efficiency and cost results of hospitals in Washington state? (Highlight p.164,
second column, starting 15 lines from bottom to seven lines from bottom.)
Messina:
How did the research question emerge from the review of literature
in the article?
Coyne:
Built on an earlier study by Coyne on performance differences
between multi-facility systems and independent hospitals using two cost
measures. Cited studies that used a range of variables to measure differences
in hospital performance, and noted that prior findings have been inconclusive
in regard to hospital size, although economies of scale were found.
Messina:
Independent Variables
Type:
Coyne:
Hospital size and hospital ownership structure.
Categorical
Messina:
Dependent Variables
Type:
Coyne:
Efficiency measures – continuous variables.
Cost measures – continuous variables.
Messina:
Design Elements
1. Quantitative vs. Qualitative
2. Sample Size
3. Method of sample selection
4. Experimental vs. control group?
5. Reliable and valid data instruments?
Coyne:
Quantitative 96
Picked all hospitals in state, except investor owned hospitals.
No
Used data that are commonly used to measure hospital efficiency
and performance with high degrees of accuracy (reliable), and data that are
historically used and make sense to other hospital users (valid).
Messina:
Describe analysis.
What statistics were used?
Coyne:
Two-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)
Messina:
Did the researchers’ conclusions make sense, did they answer the
research question, and did they appear to flow from the review of the
literature?
Did they explore control of extraneous variables?
Coyne:
They concluded that size and ownership type make a difference in
reported levels of efficiency. Not for profits seem to achieve higher
performance levels, and medium and large not for profits operate more
efficiently than industry average. The same results were found for cost levels,
in that size and ownership type do make a difference, with medium sized
hospitals reporting lower costs than large or small hospitals.
Yes, when they called for national studies that controlled for
case mix, scope of services, and payer mix, all of which could have affected
the results in this study in an unmeasured way.
HLT 540 Grand Canyon Week 3 Assignment 2
Assessing a Research Study
Details:
1) Choose a research study article of interest to you.
2) Refer to the study you choose and complete “Assessing a
Research Study.”
3) Identify an article that directly references your chosen study
and compare it to your findings. Does this article refute or confirm the
study’s findings?
4) Write a paper (750-1,000 words) that analyzes and summarizes
your findings.
5) Prepare this assignment according to the APA guidelines found
in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is
not required.
6) This assignment uses a grading rubric. Instructors will be
using the rubric to grade the assignment; therefore, students should review the
rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the assignment
criteria and expectations for successful completion of the assignment.
Assessing a Research Study
Review the study components in the left-side column of the form
below. Refer to the study you chose, and complete the data in the right-side
column with the key components in that study.
Research Question:
How did the research question emerge from the review of literature
in the article?
Independent Variables
Type:
Dependent Variables
Type:
Identify and Define the Study Design Elements:
1. Quantitative vs. Qualitative:
2. Sample Size
3. Method of sample selection: Explanation.
4. Identify and define the experimental and control groups?
5. Reliable and valid data instruments? Explain.
Describe analysis.
What statistics were used?
Did the researchers’ conclusions make sense, did they answer the
research question, and did they appear to flow from the review of the
literature?
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