Congruence Model of Organizational
Behavior
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Communication from Art:
I reviewed your report regarding
Organizational Diagnosis, and I thought you did a nice job. I presented your
recommendation to ABC Company and Whole Foods Market, and had several
discussions with them.
They've finally decided that they
want to use the Nadler-Tushman Congruence Model to analyze the overall
congruence in the company – they like the Input and Output analysis that this
model provides.
First, the company's executives are
interested in the Inputs, including the strategy. They are interested in
getting an objective opinion of what their critical inputs are and how they
align with their strategy. So I suggest that you very quickly brush up more on
the Congruence model, particularly for this assignment on inputs.
Second, we need to analyze how Whole
Foods Market has been doing in terms of its performance and how it stacks up
against its goals. We will do this at three levels: the overall organizational
level, the group level, and the individual level. The Congruence Model explains
this well. You should be up to speed on this model.
The executives also want to know how
congruent the outputs are across the three levels. Given your analysis of
performance at each of the three levels, are the interactions of these outputs
congruent - highly, somewhat, or very little? Make this determination and
support it with a logical argument using the information that you obtain about
Whole Foods Market's goals and performance.
REQUIRED READING:
Nadler, D. A. & Tushman, M. L.
(1980). A Model for Diagnosing Organizational Behavior. Organizational
Dynamics, 9 (2), 35-51. Retrieved on November 7, 2012 from EBSCO.
Case Assignment
Using the Nadler-Tushman Congruence
Model, conduct an analysis of Whole Foods Market's inputs and how they align
with the strategy, as well as its outputs.
For the analysis, I suggest that you
start with strategy, since you have already done some work on this aspect in
your first report. Review Whole Foods Market’s strategy and then determine
which one of Porter’s competitive strategies fits with this strategy. Then
review the company’s inputs and determine one or two specific critical inputs
from each input category: environment, resources, and history.
Ultimately, I want you to determine
how aligned the critical inputs are with the strategy. Is there high congruence
(alignment), some congruence, or little to no congruence? I expect you to
support your claim with a good, logical argument using the information you have
collected.
In order to make this case, you
first need to review the strategy and then classify it as one of Porter’s
competitive strategies. Then identify the Key Input factors in the first three
categories. Explain why these are the critical input factors. Then determine
how congruent the three input factors are with the strategy.
Then use the Nadler-Tushman
Congruence Module to analyze Whole Foods
Market's outputs. Start with the Organizational Level. Identify the Outputs -
what does it produce and sell? What are its goals? How has it been performing?
Then go the group level. What are some groups that Whole Foods Market
identifies, and the goals and performance of these groups. Finally, discuss the
Individual level. Here you will find it difficult to get much detailed
information, so identify five to seven key jobs and their outputs. How can the
performance of these jobs be measured? Finally determine the congruence of the
outputs and make a strong argument for your case.
Be sure to include references. Turn
in the 6- to 8-page paper by the end of the module.
KEYS TO THE ASSIGNMENT:
- Discuss the organization’s strategy and
classify it according to Porter’s three generic competitive strategies.
- Identify the most critical inputs in each of the first
three categories and justify why they are critical. Also explain what
effect the inputs from one category have on inputs from the other
categories. How well does the strategy fit with the environmental,
resource and historical inputs you identified?
- Make a Case for your proposition as to how the Key
Inputs support (are congruent with) the Strategy. Specifically make a
claim: “The inputs at Whole Foods Market consisting of Organizational
Environment factors, Internal Resource factors, and Historical Tradition
factors are [highly, partially, or minimally] congruent with the company’s
strategy.”
- In order to make your case you need to identify the
outputs of the organization at each of three levels. Also identify the
goals that it has set and its current performance. Include the following:
- Outputs at the organizational level are the products
and/or services that it provides to its customers. What are these and how
does the company categorize them? How does it measure its organizational
performance (e.g., sales, net profit, return on sales, return on assets,
market share, customer satisfaction, etc.). Provide some specific
performance data.
- What are some ways the company identifies groups? For
example, are there geographic groups (or divisions), functional groups,
etc. What are the outputs of these groups? How does it (or how might it)
measure performance of these groups?
- What are some of the key individual functions, and what
are their outputs? How do these outputs contribute to the group outputs?
How do they measure individual performance?
- Evaluate how the outputs at the different levels
interact with each other. Determine if you think the congruence of the
outputs is high, medium, or low. Then make a strong case. It
is very important that you support your position with evidence and
information that you have discussed earlier in the report.
- Support your analysis with objective evidence. Sources
of information for the entire project may include interviews,
organizational documents and reports, articles in newspapers, and trade
publications. Be sure to cite your sources and provide a list of
references.
Write up your report in a 6- to
8-page paper and submit it by the end of the module.
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